MODERN MEDICINE's TUMOUR MARKERS
AFP: --raised—in-- ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOUR (yolk sac tumors), hepatoma, Teratoma.
(Note in down’s synd. AFP. is decreased)
Alpha-HCG: --Pituitary tumour & zollinger-ellison synd.
ACTH, ADH:- small cell bronchial carcinoma
Beta 2 microglobulin =for multiple myeloma,
B2M (Beta-2 microglobulin)---- Multiple myeloma and lymphomas Present in many other conditions, including Crohn’s disease and hepatitis; often used to determine cause of renal failure Determine prognosis
Beta-HCG: --in CHORIOCARCINOMA
BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 ---- Breast Cancer Gene 1 and Breast Cancer Gene 2 ---- breast or ovarian cancer
Bence Jones Proteins---Multiple myeloma,
CA 15-3----in BREAST Ca.
CA 19-9 is a tumour marker---used in pancreatic carcinoma
CA 19-9 IS ALSO RAISED IN HEPATOMA, GB & BILLIARY TRACT MALIG, CIRROCIS, STOMACH & COLORECTAL CARCINOMA. ALSO IN PANCREATITIS (CHR)
CA 72-4--- Gastric CA.
CA 125—in OVARIAN Ca., EPITHELIAL (ESPECIALLY SEROUS)
Calcitonin ---in medullary thyroid carcinoma
CEA ---- Carcinoembryonic Antigen ---- To determine whether cancer is present in the body and to monitor cancer treatment (colorectal ca.)
CALLA---B cell ALL and AML in Blast phase.
ESTRADIOL: --in ADULT GRANULOSA CELL TUMOUR, THECOMAS
Her-2/neu ---- Human epidermal growth factor receptor ---- To determine whether a breast cancer tumor is positive for Her-2/neu, which helps to guide treatment and determine prognosis.
INHIBIN --IS SECRETED BY SOME GRANULOSA CELL TUMOUR AND IS A USEFUL MARKER
LDH: ---in DYSGERMINOMA
Neuron Specific Enolase-(NSE)-----neuroblastoma, small cell carcinoma lung...
PSA -- Prostate specific antigen ---- Prostate cancer
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)---- Metastatic prostate cancer, myeloma, lung cancer----not widely used anymore, elevated in prostatitis and other conditions----Help diagnose
S-100----Metastatic melanoma----Not widely used ---Help diagnose
TA-90----Metastatic melanoma---- Not widely used, being studied -----Help diagnose
Thyroglobulin----Thyroid------Used after thyroid is removed to evaluate treatment----Determine recurrence
HTg human thyroid thyroglobin is a tumour marker 4 differentiated tumour only.
TESTOSTERONE: --in SERTOLI CELL TUMOUR, LEYDIG CELL T, HILUS CELL Tumour
